Opinion- vs. Research-Based Resources Assignment

Opinion- vs. Research-Based Resources - Assignment Example The purpose of the scholarly articles is to publish the results of research mostly to professionals. The results of the study are organized in groups and discussed under a title. For instance the results published by Draper et al (2008) shows how the shift from managing illness to the promotion of health has taken place. It reports how the initiatives responsible for health and wellness have fared, the purposes for building of capacities regarding to health and wellness, range of activities targeted for the improvement of health and wellness, engagement of the enrollee as well as the investment payoff. The journal also explains the source of data as well as the implications. The purpose non-scholar articles are to report the trends in industries, practical advice as well as the news in the industry mostly to the audience who are mostly non-professionals. In this case, Schoen (2003) reports the trends in the health industry in different countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and the United states and provide the news from those states in regard to health. It is now possible to conclude that both articles are valuable in terms of the subject area they cover. The subject which in this case is health is examined well enough through research which makes the articles valuable. However, the value of scholarly articles can be said to be more valuable due to their wide usage of literature review and the provision of references unlike non-scholarly articles which are rarely referenced. The value of the two articles and their credibility is significant since each of the articles have got its audience. They are therefore written for a purpose and to a specific target who are interested in the specific article. Another similarity is that they both fill the need for the country or rather language of the country. They both communicate in the language that would be effective to the

IAS 40 Investment Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IAS 40 Investment Property - Essay Example There has been a widely held debate in terms of a need to classify a property as an investment property or a property which is in use by the owner. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provides a clear cut difference between the property which is intended to be held as investment and the property to be held for the purpose of use other than any investment purpose (Deloitte, 2012). On the other hand, if Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are taken into consideration, then there cannot be found any difference between the two as such. However IFRS has recognized the need for providing specific guidance especially for the property which is to be held by the owner for the purpose of investment (Deloitte, 2012).This article aims to study the various impacts of IAS 40 â€Å"Investment Property† with respect to different elements. The paper is structured in such a manner that first section highlights the overview of IAS 40 in which a brief history, definition, obje ctive and scope of Investment Property is briefly discussed. Second part of this article outlines at the accounting treatment of Investment Property such recognition, measurement and disclosure requirements are explained in detail. Next section provides a brief comparison of IFRS and GAAP in respect of Investment Property followed by a section which illustrates an example reproduced from the annual report of a publicly listed company. Discussion and conclusion of IAS 40 will summarize this article.

The Factors contributing to Wounded Knee Massacre Essay

The Factors contributing to Wounded Knee Massacre - Essay Example At another point the author maligns politicians by saying that "it was no secret that politicians stuffed the Indian agencies with political appointees who were, more often than not, corrupt and indifferent to the needs of their charges. Eventually, the abused Indians broke out and started killing local settlers, at which point the military men were called in to risk their lives to restore order" (205, 206). Here again, the role of Indians in killing local settlers is depicted as a reaction to a set of conditions developed by politicians. In my opinion, such texts are purposely created under the influence of powerful forces to achieve hidden aims. Hidden aims may include the idea of taking benefit from a given situation to promote a new concept that is previously non-existent. It appears that there is a hidden agenda behind blaming party politics. In this case, the reason for this appears to be that the author wants the readers to stay focused only on one cause of the issue. By doing this, the other factors that contributed to the massacre, have been allowed to escape the vision of the readers. Not only this, but the author also manages to create a feeling of hopelessness and fear among the readers, which is likely to keep the readers away from party politics.

Eight Years Wasted, the Economic Failures of the Bush Administration Essay Example for Free

Eight Years Wasted, the Economic Failures of the Bush Administration Essay Eight years wasted. That is the description that befits the George W. Bush administration of the United States between 2001 and 2008. Nevertheless, this is not a case of unfair criticism of the Bush administration, as noted by Republican Senator John McCain who served in Bush’s era (Curl). According to McCain as he campaigned for the presidency in 2008, Bush spent a lot of the United States’ resources on the war in Iraq, which consequently led to a massive economic downturn (Curl). The most obvious impacts of Bush’s actions are reflected in the changes in rate of unemployment, inflation, money supply in the United States, and shifts in foreign exchange rates as well as interest rates (National Organization for Women). Unemployment The rate of unemployment has particularly been worrying since the period between 2000 and 2001 when Bush took the leadership of the United States (OECD). According to Shi and Stevens, the rate of unemployment has been fluctuating rapidly since 2000 when it was about 4. 0 percent (59). Within over a year of Bush’s leadership, the unemployment rate shot up to 5. 8 per cent in 2002 (59). Women and their families were particularly affected by the high rate of unemployment, as they would rarely make ends meet at the start of the Bush administration. In fact, according to the National Organization for Women, the year 2001 marked the period of massive job loss among women in over 40 years (National Organization for Women). Along this line, the Institute for Womens Policy Research reported that in the period between 2001 and 2004, women workers lost over 300,000 jobs (National Organization for Women). In the same breadth, unemployment rates among single mothers rose of an already bad situation of 9. 5 per cent to a worse level of 10. 2 per cent (National Organization for Women). Statistics from GPO Access show a grim picture of the increasing levels of unemployment since the year 2000 when the United States presidential election that ushered in President George Bush was held. In the figures provided, overall civilian unemployment rate fluctuated from 4. 0 per cent in 2000 to 6. 7 percent in November 2008, which marked the end of the Bush administration (Table 1). Along the same line, the same trend in unemployment rate was noticed among different age groups, fa Another aspect of the Bush administration’s failure is an uncontrolled increase in inflation. At the beginning of the Bush administration in 2001, there was a notable decline in the prices of all items and services as compared to the preceding year. Perhaps this was because of the effort by Bush to fulfill campaign promises. The truth of the matter is that after 2001, the prices of all items went up, declining only slightly in 2003. Since then, there was a notable fluctuation in the prices but overall, the prices remained at an all time high. In fact, the 4. 1 per cent change in price of items (Table 2) was the highest margin to have been recorded since the 6. 1 per cent rate recorded in 1990 at the height of the Gulf War (Irwin and Dan. ). The high prices of commodities and services noticed during the Bush Administration not only affected the financial positions of many families but also influenced the people’s access to essential services such as healthcare (Atkinson and Hutto). According to Hanke, the 2003 United States census showed that any family of three lived on a mean of $51 a day. This figure was arrived at using an assumption that childcare and healthcare services were fully financed by the government (United States Department of Labor). Nevertheless, this was not the case for most families, as they had to rely on their own means to support themselves. In the context of high cost of commodities and services and with particular reference to childcare and healthcare services, many families had to spend as much as over 20 per cent of their incomes in pursuit of these services (Robinson). According the New York Times, the Bush administration cut funding programs for many essential programs such as childcare, which were particularly appropriate for single parent households (The High Cost of Health Care). This move was done as the administration aimed at improving and expanding other unpopular programs such as promotion of marriage (United States Bureau of Statistics). However, the downside of this point is that as focus was shifted to newer programs, the already existing programs suffered an even heavier blow in terms of the exorbitant costs that had to be incurred (The High Cost of Health Care). According to Shi and Gregory, the highest number of individual without healthcare services was recorded in 2003 (60). This is because most attention was diverted to acquisition of other essential commodities and services such as food and housing (The High Cost of Health Care). Yet president Bush still insisted on funding the war to oust President Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq. This action can be considered as a case of misplaced priority because whereas President Bush was busy pursuing the United States foreign policy, local affairs (which perhaps needed more attention) were thrown into disarray. Money Supply During the Bush Administration, the supply of money increased, but with some fluctuations. For instance, the total value of the United States currency, traveler’s checks, demand deposits and other checkable deposits rose from $1087. 4 billion to a high of $1473. 1 billion in October 2008 (GPO Access). The high supply of money does not imply that the United States economy improved in the period of eight years. Rather, it is an indication the value of the United States dollar could have depreciated (Crutsinger and Aversa). Thus, the large sums of money released to fund the war in Iraq in 2003 did not add any impetus to the United States economy (Crutsinger and Aversa). Instead, the economy became vulnerable with reference to a weak dollar against other world currencies. In spite of the increase in the sum of currency, there was an increase in debt of domestic nonfinancial sectors from $18,183. 6 billion in 2000 to $32,436. 5 billion in 2006 . This means that nonfinancial institutions increasingly had to borrow during the era of George W. Bush. It therefore no wonder that the United States was crippled by a great financial crisis only comparable to the Great Depression towards the end of Bush’s reign, the overriding factor being that the United States government had spent so much money on defense and war in Iraq and Afghanistan at the expense of internal development. Foreign Exchange As mentioned above, there was a significantly high supply of money in the United States, which characteristically led to depreciation of the United States dollar. In addition, the period was characterized by a high rate of inflation, implying that considerably larger sums of money would be used in buying commodities that would have been bought inexpensively in the earlier period (Atkinson and Hutto). On the international scale, the high cost of United States commodities meant that importers had to pay lots of money to acquire the goods, which ultimately lowered the level of international trade between the United States and other countries (Table 3). Consequently, the United States dollar fluctuated against other world currencies such as the Japanese yen, the Sterling Pound, Chinese yuan and the Australian dollar (Atkinson and Hutto). For instance, the Sterling Pound exchanged at between $1. 9548 and $2. 0442 in 2007 (Table 3), which was a very large variation. The strong dollar against the yen between 2001 and 2002, which was the beginning of the Bush administration, discouraged importation by Japan from the United States (Atkinson and Hutto). At the same time, citizens of the United States opted to import valuable items such as automobiles at the expense of the locally manufactured ones, thus putting the United States automobile industry in the quagmire in which it is today (OECD). The consequence of this is that major competitors such as the Japanese automakers have adversely affected local automakers such as Ford, and the whole industry has been earmarked for revival in the Economic Stimulus Package (OECD). Interest rates Government bond yields and interest rates generally declined between 2000 and 2008. For instance, the value of bills at auction declined steadily from $ 5. 85 to $1. 01 in 2003, but steadily rose from $1. 38 to $4. 73 in 2006 (GPO Access). The low price of bonds meant that banks were in a position to purchase more government bonds, thus diverting their attention from other financial service users such as borrowers (Crutsinger and Aversa). Ultimately, banks were forced to impose high interest rates on the loans they offered to the public, implying that most small business holders and individuals were crippled by a massive credit crunch (Crutsinger and Aversa). The ensuing credit crunch adversely affected the United States economy particularly towards the ends of the end of the Bush administration (Crutsinger and Aversa). Banks were most affected by the financial woes and this necessitated the Bush administration to consider taking ownership of various banks in a bid to protect them from collapsing (Crutsinger and Aversa). This move was however also ill planned, as it would result in unnecessary government expenditure, resulting into higher inflation in the United States (Hanke). In addition, there was no assurance that with the government’s acquisition of the banks, their performance would improve (Hanke). Conclusion Even though the world witnessed a massive economic recession, the woes in the United States stemmed from the fact that the Bush administration spent excessively on the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, which generally weakened the performance of most local institutions. The underperformance in various sectors was shown in high rates of unemployment, high inflation, fluctuating levels of money supply and foreign exchange rates as well as high bank interest rates. The combined effect of the various phenomena led to a crisis in the entire United States economy, thus making the Bush administration one of the worst leaderships of the United States. References Atkinson Robert D and Julie Hutto 18October 2004. Bush vs. Clinton: An Economic Performance Index. 10 March 2009. http://www. ppionline. org/ppi_ci. cfm? knlgAreaID=107subsecID=295contentID=252964 Crutsinger, Martin and Aversa, Jeannine 8 October 2008. Bush administration mulls bank stakes. 10 March 2009. http://www. freep. com/article/20081008/BUSINESS07/81008120/1015/BUSINESS02/Bush+administration+mulls+bank+stakes Curl, Joseph. 23 Oct. 2008 McCain lambastes Bush years. 10 March 2009. http://www. washingtontimes. com/news/2008/oct/23/mccain-lambastes-bush-years/ GPO Access . Civilian unemployment rate. 10 March 2009. http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B42. xls GPO Access . Money stock and debt measures, 1965–2008. 10 March 2009 http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B69. xls GPO Access. Bond yields and interest rates, 1929–2008. 10 March 2009. http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B73. xls GPO Access. Changes in consumer price indexes for commodities and services, 1929–2007. 10 March 2009. http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B64. xls GPO Access. Foreign exchange rates, 1985–2008. 10 March 2009. http://www. gpoaccess. gov/eop/2009/B110. xls. Hanke, Steve H. September 24, 2008 The Bush Legacy: Deflation or Inflation? 10 March 2009. http://www. cato. org/pub_display. php? pub_id=9663 Irwin, Neil and Eggen, Dan. 12 Jan. 2009. The Washington Post. Economy Made Few Gains in Bush Years: Eight-Year Period Is Weakest in Decades. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/01/12/ST2009011200359. html National Organization for Women. 27 August 2004. Bushs Economic Failure Weakens Middle Class, Deepens Poverty and Harms Women and Families. 10 March 2009. http://www. now. org/press/08-04/08-27. html OECD. Macroeconomic indicators. 10 March 2009. http://stats. oecd. org/mei/default. asp? lang=esubject=15country=USA Robinson, Woodward, Gellman. Timeline: Bushs Eight Years in Office. 10 March 2009. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/bush/legacy/timeline Shi, Leiyu and Stevens Gregory D. Vulnerable Populations in the United States. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2004 The High Cost of Health Care. 25 November 2007. The New York Times. 10 March 2009. http://www. nytimes. com/2007/11/25/opinion/25sun1. html? _r=1 United states Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics. 10 March 2009 http://www. bls. gov/

Concepts of Money Measurement

Concepts of Money Measurement Business Entity Concept can also be known as separate entity concept. A business entity concept is the financial activities are record distinct from the people who finance it such as owners, creditors, customers, and employers. The accounting records reflect the financial activities of a specific corporate entity. So, the business should separately from the proprietor or investor. When the profit is return in to the business, the profit must be taken into account. For example, the sole trader invests available funds in the market share account. These available funds are not affecting the financial status of the business itself. Money Measurement Concept Money Measurement Concept is expressed in monetary term. Every transaction is records in terms of money. If the transaction cannot be measured in monetary term, then the transaction cannot be taken into account. Going Concern Concept Going concern concept is the business that expected that a business will continue to operate its business for the next 12 months or next accounting period. This concept assumes that the business is going on steadily training for year to year without reducing its operation. When an enterprise liquidates or scale down a part of operation of the enterprise, the ability of the enterprise to continue as going concern concept is not impaired normally. Materiality Concept This materiality concept is refers to purposes paying attention to important events and ignoring insignificant accounting items as well as suggests small aster purchases or improvements should be initially written off as an expense. Prudence concept Prudence concept is taking a proper caution in measuring profit and income. Prudence must be exercised when preparing financial statements because of the uncertainty surrounding many transactions. In this concept, income should not be anticipated at all possible losses should be provided for. a.) Give FOUR reasons why depreciation may occur. The definition of the depreciation is refers to noncash expense that reduces the value of an asset as a result of wear and tear, age, or obsolescence. Most assets lose their value over time and must be replaced once the end of their useful life is reached. The main reason of the depreciation is due to the physical wear and tear and the passage of time. For example, the value of the car is reduced over time as new model is introduced to the market, or the value of used motor vehicles is lower than a similar model but new motor vehicles. The second reason is obsolescence of the asset. For instance, the old machine in a factory is become more obsolescence due to time that the machine used. After many years, the value of the machine is depreciated because the residual or scrap value of the asset and similar new machine is come out in the market. The third reason is passage of time. Some assets diminish in value on account of sheer passage of time, even though they are not used. For example, the patent rights, copy rights and lease hold property. The forth reason is depletion of the asset. The depletion is to provide for the consumption on charge against earnings, based on the amount of wasting natural resources that are taken out of total available reserves during an accounting period. 2 b.) A firm buys a motor vehicles in January 20X5 for RM10,000. Calculate the annual depreciation for the first four years using. Reducing Balance Method, at an annual rate of 20%. Reducing Balance Method: Depreciation: Reduced Balance: Year 1 (20X5) 20% x RM 10,000 = RM 2,000 (RM 10,000 2,000) = RM 8,000 Year 2 (20X6) 20% x RM 8,000 = RM 1,600 (RM 8,000 1,600) = RM 6,400 Year 3 (20X7) 20% x RM 6,400 = RM 1,280 (RM 6,400 1,280) = RM 5,120 Year 4 (20X8) 20% x RM 5,120 = RM 1,024 (RM5, 120 1,024) = RM 4,096 Straight Line Method, if the vehicle is to be sold in four years time for RM2,000. Straight Line Method: Depreciation per year = = = RM 2,000 Dt Motor Vehicle account Ct ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   RM ÂÂ   ÂÂ   RM 20X5 20X5 Jan 1 Bank 10,000 Dec 31 Balance c/d 10,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X6 20X6 Jan 1 Balance b/d 10,000 Dec 31 Balance c/d 10,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X7 20X7 Jan 1 Balance b/d 10,000 Dec 31 Balance c/d 10,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X8 20X8 Jan 1 Balance b/d 10,000 Dec 31 Balance c/d 10,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Dt Provision for Depreciation on Vehicle Ct ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   RM ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   RM 20X5 20X5 Dec 31 Balance c/d 2,000 Dec 31 Profit Loss A/C 2,000 ÂÂ   20X6 20X6 Dec 31 Balance c/d 4,000 Jan 1 Balance b/d 2,000 Dec 31 Profit Loss A/C 2,000 4,000 4,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X7 20X7 Dec 31 Balance c/d 6,000 Jan 1 Balance b/d 4,000 Dec 31 Profit Loss A/C 2,000 6,000 ÂÂ   6,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X8 20X8 Dec 31 Balance c/d 8,000 Jan 1 Balance b/d 6,000 Dec 31 Profit Loss A/C 2,000 8,000 ÂÂ   8,000 Profit Loss Account ( extract ) for the year ended 31 December ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X5 20X6 20X7 20X8 Operating expenses : RM RM RM RM Depreciation of Motor Vehicle 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Balance Sheet ( extract ) as at 31 December ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   20X5 20X6 20X7 20X8 Fixed Assets RM RM RM RM Motor Vehicle, at cost 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Less : Provision for depreciation 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Net book value 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   ÂÂ   Calculate the cost of raw materials issued from the following data using : DATE PURCHASES SALES JAN 15 units x RM 10.00 FEB 10 units x RM 10.50 APRIL 20 units x RM 25.00 JUN 8 units x RM 11.00 AUG 10 units x RM 25.00 SEPT 20 units x RM12.00 NOV 13 units x RM 25.00 a.) LIFO method Date Purchases Cost of goods sold Balance Jan 15units x RM 10 15units x RM 10 = RM 150 Feb 10units x RM10.50 10units x RM 10.50 = RM 105 TOTAL 25 units @ RM 225 April 10units x RM10.50 10units x RM 10 10units x RM10.50 = RM105 10units x RM 10 = RM100 TOTAL 5 units x RM10 = RM 50 Jun 8 units x RM11 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 TOTAL 5 units x RM10 = RM 50 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 13 units @ RM 138 August 8 units x RM 11 2 units x RM 10 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 2 units x RM 10 = RM 20 10 units @ RM 108 TOTAL 3 units x RM 10 = RM 30 Sept 20 units x RM 12 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 TOTAL 3 units x RM 10 = RM 30 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 23 units @ RM 270 Nov 13 units x RM 12 13 units x RM 12 = RM 156 Closing stock 3 units x RM 10 = RM 30 7 units x RM 12 = RM 84 10 units @ RM 114 Sales = ( 20 units + 10 units + 13 units ) x RM 25 = RM 1075 Cost of goods sold = (10units x RM10.50) + (10units x RM 10 ) + (8 units x RM 11 ) + (2 units x RM 10 ) + ( 13 units x RM 12 ) = RM 105 + RM 100 + RM 88 + RM 20 + RM 156 = RM 469 GROSS PROFIT =Sales Cost of Goods Sold = RM1075 RM469 = RM606 b.) FIFO method Date Purchase Cost of goods sold Balance Jan 15 units x RM 10 15 units x RM 10 = RM 150 Feb 10 units x RM 10.50 10 units x RM 10.50= RM 105 TOTAL 25 units @ RM155 April 15 units x RM 10 5 units x RM 10.50 15 units x RM 10 = RM 150 5 units x RM 10.50= RM 52.50 20 units @ RM 202.50 TOTAL 5 units x RM 10.50 = RM 52.50 Jun 8 units x RM 11 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 TOTAL 5 units x RM 10.50 = RM 52.50 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 13 units @ RM 140.50 August 5 units x RM 10.50 5 units x RM 11 5 units x RM 10.50 = RM 52.50 5 units x RM 11 = RM 55 10 units @ RM 107.50 TOTAL 3 units x RM 11 = RM 33 Sept 20 units x RM 12 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 TOTAL 3 units x RM 11 = RM 33 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 23 units @ RM273 Nov 3 units x RM 11 10 units x RM 12 3 units x RM 11 = RM 33 10 units x RM 12 = RM 120 13 units @ RM 153 Closing stock 10 units x RM 12 = RM 120 Sales = ( 20 units + 10 units + 13 units ) x RM 25 = RM 1075 Cost of goods sold = ( 15 units x RM 10 ) + ( 5 units x RM 10.50 ) + ( 5 units x RM 10.50 ) + ( 5 units x RM 11 ) + ( 3 units x RM 11 ) + ( 10 units x RM 12 ) = RM 150 + RM 52.50 + RM 52.50 + RM 55 + RM 33 + RM 120 = RM 463 GROSS PROFIT =Sales Cost of Goods Sold =RM1075 RM463 =RM612 c.) Average cost method Date Purchases Cost of goods sold Balance Jan 15 units x RM 10 15 units x RM 10 = RM 150 Feb 10 units x RM 10.50 10 units x RM 10.50 = RM 105 WAVCO 15 units x RM 10 = RM 150 10 units x RM 10.50 = RM 105 25 units @ RM 225 = RM 10.20 / units April 20 units x RM 10.20 20 units x RM 10.20 = RM 204 TOTAL 5 units x RM 10.20 = RM 51 Jun 8 x RM 11 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 WAVCO 5 units x RM 10.20 = RM 51 8 units x RM 11 = RM 88 13 units @ RM 139 = RM 10.69 / units August 10 units x RM 10.69 10 units x RM 10.69 = RM 106.90 TOTAL 3 units x RM 10.69 = RM 32.07 Sept 20 units x RM 12 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 WAVCO 3 units x RM 10.69 = RM 32.07 20 units x RM 12 = RM 240 23 units @ RM 272.07 = RM 11.83 / units Nov 13 units x RM 11.83 13 units x RM 11.83 = RM 153.79 Closing stock 10 units x RM 11.83 = RM 118.30 Sales = ( 20 units + 10 units + 13 units ) x RM 25 = RM 1075 Cost of Goods Sold = ( 20 units x RM 10.20 ) + ( 10 units x RM 10.69 ) + (13 units x RM 11.83 ) = RM 204 + RM 106.90 + RM 153.79 = RM 464.69 GROSS PROFIT =Sales Cost of Goods Sold = RM1075 RM 464.69 = RM 610.31 5a.) Explain clearly the difference between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure. Capital expenditure is acquired to be used in business operation to generate revenue for a period of more than one year. Capital expenditure is the money that spends on buying asset. For instance, office equipment and motor vehicle are the examples of the capital expenditure. Capital expenditure also can be considered as the useful economic life of the asset. Therefore, the expenditure incurred is allocated over the period it is used to match the revenue earned. On the other hand, revenue expenditure are incur in the current year in the business operation. The revenue expenditure is the expenditure on the wages, premises, and utility bills. Therefore, the revenue expenditure need to written off to the profit and loss account in the year in order to measure the profit or loss. This is an accounting concept termed matching and accruals concept. Revenue expenditure also is the money that spends to obtain the use of the asset and maintain the dairy operation of the business. b.) Classify the following items as capital or revenue expenditure. i .) Cost of new machinery Capital expenditure ii . ) Petrol and oil for the motor vehicle Revenue expenditure iii . ) Wages of office staff Revenue expenditure iv . ) Extension of factory Capital expenditure v . ) Repainting office Revenue expenditure vi . ) Cost of road tax and insurance for new van Capital expenditure vii . ) Cost of road tax and insurance for existing van Revenue expenditure viii . ) Repair and maintenance of existing van Revenue expenditure ix . ) Legal fees paid in connection with factory extension Revenue expenditure x . ) Cost of painting firms name on new van Capital expenditure Bibliography Internet sources Wikipedia 2009, Entity concept, 5 Dec, viewed by 3 July 2010 BusinessDictionary.com 2010, business entity concept, viewed by 18 June 2010 Tutor2u, accounting concept and conventions, viewed by 18 June 2010 Anil Kumar Gupta 2007, Depreciation, Causes of Depreciation, Need for Provision of Depreciation , 2 June ,viewed by 18 June 2010

Defend Your Computer From Hackers :: Essays Papers

Defend Your Computer From Hackers How to Shield Your Computer from Internet Crime When you connect to the Internet, you are allowing you computer to communicate with millions of people who are also on the Internet. Suddenly, your hard drive is fair game. Some people called by various names: hackers, whackers, crackers, and some other more colorful names if your data is being destroyed. These people make it their business to find and make use of exposed hard drives. Sometimes, they just take an innocent look around; sometimes they delete files or even deposit a virus of nature. However, hope is not lost, with the steps outline in this paper you will be able effectively shield your computer from those who wish to make mischief. When you connect to the Internet, especially through a broadband connection any open ports, or shared file files and services are like a beacon for hackers’ automatic scanners. You see, along with granting you extremely fast downloads and browsing capabilities broadband connection also leave you computer wide open to the world since it an always-on connection. The risk is greater for those people that have static IP address. Since this address never changes hackers can come back whenever they wish. One way to see how vulnerable your computer is would be to have it tested by one the various websites that specialize in security. One very good website is hosted by the Gibson Research Corporation and has several helpful feature like â€Å"Shields Up†, the address for this site is www.grc.com. Another popular site with many useful utilities would be www.dslreports.com. If these sites show you some holes in your security they will recommend several actions. One of the easiest and most effective would be to turn off file and print sharing for your computer. The second thing you could do would be to obtain a personal firewall. In this area you have two options, hardware or software. If you want an inexpensive route then you can download a software firewall. Firewall? Just what is that? Well, it either a software program of hardware device that effectively blocks outsiders from entering your computer. Software firewalls just need to be installed onto your computer and can be either automatically configured of manually. Hardware involves connecting your computer into another device. Two of the more popular software firewalls are Zone Alarm (www.zonelabs.com) and Norton Personal Firewall (www.symantec.com). Using Zone Alarm, the above sites could find no exposed ports or even that this computer even was on; Zone Alarm completely cloaks your computer.

Communism :: Communism Essays

The lure of easy women almost made me a spy and traitor to my country "Sex Lead Me To Communism" from Man to Man Vol. 2, No. 2, 1951 SEX, woman's most resistless weapon through the ages for the domination of the male, has proven one of the most successful and insidious devices in the secret arsenal of the Communists to recruit their unsavory army of spies, saboteurs and disruptionists in the grimly declared war on the United States and all decent mankind. In the relentless effort of the Kremlin to turn the whole world into faceless slaves in order that "The International Soviet shall be the human race," as their official song, The Internationale, declares, there is no honor or conscience, and promiscuity is the rule, not the exception. The only vice the Reds frown, upon is drinking! I know, because I was one of those witless persons who fell into the mantrap set by the modern Delilabs who follow the Party line. They stopped at nothing--absolutely nothing--in order to enlist their fellow Americans into the great conspiracy to subjugate, and later to liquidate, every human being who does not deify the unholy trinity of Marx, Lenin and Stalin. First came Sonia, with her full, cherry lips and her brown, limpid eyes. She was a secretary, a graduate of a woman's college and as unscrupulous a little witch as ever shook her clenched fist at a passing flag of her country or stuck a pin into a patrolman's horse. Next came Margie, a full-bosomed redhead, a new comer from England and an expert dress designer. She had made it her life work to lure men into Communism. Then Mildred, a honey blonde with a Vassar degree. She was the gay and sophisticated type on the surface, but underneath she was deadly serious about her radical beliefs. She had a cozy apartment and seemingly plenty of money. She liked to discuss the social significance of Shakespeare over cocktails and make converts to the "cause." Then Terry, Betty and several others whose names I have forgotten. And lastly, Gladys, a banker's daughter who had run away from home, landed in New York's Greenwich Village and become the most radical of all the Communist girls I met. Talk about free love! This was really something. You tired of one, and there was always another at your beck and call. No Turk could boast a more variegated harem.